Digital transformation has become a defining enabler of efficiency, visibility and responsiveness in contemporary logistics and supply chain management. In humanitarian operations—where uncertainty, urgency and resource limitations are constant—technology plays an indispensable role in strengthening accountability and accelerating service delivery. This study examines the adoption and operational contribution of digital technologies within the logistics and supply-chain management system of the Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA) in Rwanda. A mixed-methods design was employed, combining data from 108 respondents through structured questionnaires with complementary interviews from logistics managers and technical staff. Descriptive statistics, weighted means and standard deviations were used to analyze adoption levels, while inferential analysis applied multiple regression to determine the effect of technology use on performance.

Findings indicate that ADRA Rwanda relies predominantly on basic technologies such as barcode scanning and manual inventory tracking, while advanced systems—including RFID, cloud-based inventory platforms, automated data-capture tools, AI, IoT and blockchain—remain minimally adopted. Predictive analytics demonstrated the highest level of integration within planning and forecasting. Despite the limited presence of advanced technologies, digital tools currently in use were found to contribute significantly to improvements in monitoring and evaluation, distribution efficiency, and capacity planning. Regression results show that technology adoption explains 92.4% of the variance in logistics performance (R² = 0.924), underscoring the strategic value of digital systems in humanitarian supply chains.

The study concludes that ADRA Rwanda is progressing through an incremental digital transformation pathway, maximising simple, cost-effective technologies while facing infrastructural and financial constraints that limit high-end adoption. Recommendations are offered to strengthen digital capacity, enhance systems integration, and align technological investments with organisational and donor priorities