Promoting human resource quality through knowledge sharing behavior among lecturers is crucial in universities. This paper aims to explore the factors that enhance human resource quality in Vietnamese universities. A survey of 740 lecturers from universities in North Vietnam was conducted. The study employed Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze the data. The findings indicate that organizational learning culture and work environment positively affect perceived task significance and knowledge sharing behavior among lecturers. Perceived task significance is also shown to positively influence knowledge sharing behavior. Additionally, knowledge sharing behavior significantly boosts human resource quality in Vietnamese universities. The study contributes to theory by integrating organizational and psychological factors into a unified model that explains how knowledge sharing fosters human resource development in higher education. Additionally, the findings provide actionable insights for universities to strengthen learning culture, enhance working conditions, and encourage knowledge exchange as a strategic approach to improving human resource quality in the context of autonomy and digital transformation..